![]() Then attach the ball caster on the opposite edge. Take the piece of acrylic board and stick the servo motors to the left and right edges using hotglue/super glue. Step 2 : Assembling the components for the line follower Take these six pairs of IR LEDs and photodiodes and join them in a straight line, each pair should be 1.5cm apart from the next. Wrap each pair together using black insulation tape leaving their tips exposed. Now, take the IR photodiodes and place each of them just below the six IR LEDs. In order to make an IR sensor array, take the six IR LEDs and connect them in parallel with each other. Step 1 (Optional) : Making the sensor array for the line follower (only if you don’t want to buy the pololu reflectance sensor) The photodiode then gives an output voltage proportional to the reflectance of the surface (high value for light surface and low for black/dark surface). The IR light emitted by the LED strikes the surface and is reflected back to the IR photodiode. The IR sensor array consists of individual IR LEDs and IR photodiodes. So in this linear array of IR sensors, if the leftmost/rightmost IR sensor presents the low value for reflectance, then the black line is towards the left/right of the robot correspondingly.The controller then compensates for this by signalling the motor to go in the opposite direction of the line. The higher value of reflectance will be the surface around the line. This low value of reflectance is the parameter used to detect the position of the line by the robot. The basic criteria being that : The black line will have a lesser reflectance value (black absorbs light) than the lighter surface around it. These robots usually use an array of IR (Infrared) sensors in order to calculate the reflectance of the surface beneath them. Based on that estimation they give respective signals to the motors to turn left/right so as to maintain a steady center with respect to the line. They estimate whether the line underneath them is shifting towards their left/right as they move over them. These robots have the capability to detect a black/dark line on a lighter surface depending on the contrast. The working of a line follower robot is pretty straight forward. Four AA duracell batteries and battery holder.Chassis, usually a small acrylic board will do. ![]() Two robot wheels like this, select wheels after checking if they fit in the servo : Robot wheels.An infrared sensor array like this : Pololu QTR-8A IR sensor array OR a set of six IR Leds and Detectors.Two continuous rotation servo motors like this : Continuous rotation servo.Arduino / Arduino Clone or make your own custom arduino board.What are the stuff required to do this project? So enjoy building this quick and easy line follower. Have fun with this DIY hacking tutorial! Now, technology allows you to build a line follower in just under 10 minutes if you have all the parts for it. Earlier controller boards the size of bricks were used, but now they have shrunk and become tremendously powerful. ![]() They have existed for a very long time, however the technologies used for building them have changed rapidly. Line followers are one of the most prominent kinds of robot. ![]()
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